🩸 World Blood Cancer Day: Awareness, Science, and Hope

World Blood Cancer Day is observed every May 28, a date promoted by the international organization DKMS to raise awareness about hematologic cancers and to encourage bone marrow and stem cell donation

What is blood cancer?

Blood cancers, also known as hematologic malignancies, affect the production and function of blood cells. They originate in the bone marrow—where blood cells are produced—or in the lymphatic system. These cancers interfere with the normal production of blood cells, weakening the immune system and the body’s ability to fight infections.

Main types of blood cancer

Leukemia:
Cancer of the white blood cells that starts in the bone marrow and spreads to the blood. Major subtypes include acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) .

Lymphoma:
Affects the lymphatic system, part of the immune system. It is categorized into Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Multiple myeloma:
Cancer of plasma cells, a type of white blood cell that produces antibodies. It accumulates in the bone marrow and can interfere with the production of other blood cells.

Who is at risk?

The risk of developing blood cancer increases with age, especially in individuals over 60. Other risk factors include a family history of hematologic cancer, exposure to radiation or chemicals like benzene, and genetic disorders such as Down syndrome.

Causes and symptoms

Although the exact causes are not always clear, genetic mutations in blood-forming cells play a major role. Common symptoms include persistent fatigue, fever, frequent infections, unexplained weight loss, and easy bruising or bleeding.

Current treatments

Treatment depends on the type and stage of cancer and the patient’s overall health. Options include:

Chemotherapy – Uses drugs to destroy cancer cells.

Radiotherapy – Uses radiation to kill malignant cells.

Targeted therapies – Drugs that attack cancer cells specifically without harming healthy cells.

Immunotherapy – Boosts the immune system to fight the cancer.

Stem cell transplant – Replaces damaged bone marrow with healthy stem cells.

Research continues to advance, improving survival rates and quality of life. Early detection and access to proper therapies are crucial for a favorable prognosis.

On World Blood Cancer Day, it is vital to highlight the importance of education, scientific research, and support for patients and their families. Solidarity and awareness are powerful tools in the fight against these life-threatening diseases.