A Milestone in Space Medicine: U.S. University Launches Program to Study the Effects of Space on the Human Body

In an unprecedented milestone for space medicine, Texas A&M University launched in 2025 a pioneering program dedicated to studying the long-term effects of spaceflight on the human body. This initiative joins ongoing efforts by NASA and other institutions to address the physical and psychological challenges astronauts face during extended missions in microgravity.

Microgravity significantly impacts the human body. Documented effects include bone density loss of up to 1.5% per month, muscle atrophy, and alterations to the cardiovascular system. Astronauts can also develop Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (SANS), a condition that affects vision due to increased intracranial pressure.

Psychological effects are equally concerning. Isolation, lack of natural light-dark cycles, and confined living spaces can lead to sleep disorders, anxiety, and depression. Recent studies have shown that these factors can impair cognitive function and emotional well-being.

To mitigate these risks, researchers are developing intensive physical training programs, adapted exercise routines, and targeted nutritional strategies. Additionally, advanced technologies are being explored to monitor astronaut health in real time and provide remote psychological support. 

Texas A&M’s program represents a critical step toward understanding and solving the health challenges posed by long-duration space missions. As humanity prepares for expeditions to Mars and beyond, this type of research will be essential to ensure the health, safety, and optimal performance of astronauts in space.